3.52.1: Year 3 American English Lessons with Maestro Sersea

Welcome to Vocabulary Year 3 of American English Lessons with Maestro Sersea. In this lesson we will study American English vocabulary compliments of the VOA Wordbook, a dictionary of over 1,500 highly-used words.  Please focus and do your best so that you can learn and improve your vocabulary, which will help your comprehension and communication skills. Don’t forget to use the comments section below to share your thoughts and what you’ve learned today. Part 1 Directions: Look at the following definitions and try to think of the correct vocabulary words that match them.

• __________– a hard substance such as iron, steel or gold
• __________– the way something is done
• __________– a device used to make very small things look larger so they can be studied
• __________– the center; a place or time of equal distance from both sides or ends; in the center
• __________– someone active in trying to cause political change, often by the use of force or violence
• __________– the armed forces of a nation or group; of or about the armed forces
• __________– the white liquid produced by female animals to feed their young
• __________– the thinking, feeling part of a person
• __________– to dig useful or valuable substances out of the earth; a place in the earth where such substances are found; a bomb placed under the ground or under water so it cannot be seen
• __________– a substance found in nature that is not an animal or a plant, such as coal or salt
• __________– a member of a cabinet; a high government official (“prime minister,”foreign minister”)
• __________– small in size; of little importance
• __________– the smaller number; opposite majority
• __________– a measure of time; one of the sixty equal parts of an hour; sixty seconds
• __________– to fail to hit, see, reach or meet
• __________– any weapon that can be thrown or fired through the air and explodes when it reaches its target
• __________– lost; not found
• __________– a wrong action or decision; an action done without the knowledge that it was wrong
• __________– to put different things together to make one thing
• __________– a large group of wild or angry people
• __________– an example; something, usually small, made to show how something will look or work
• __________– not extreme
• __________– of the present or very recent time; the most improved
• __________– pieces of metal or paper used to pay for things
• __________– one of the twelve periods of time into which a year is divided
• __________– the bright object often seen in the night sky that orbits the earth about every twenty-nine days
• __________– concerning what is right or wrong in someone’s actions
• __________– greater in size or amount
• __________– the early part of the day, from sunrise until noon
• __________– greatest in size or amount
• __________– the female parent; a woman who has a child or children
• __________– a movement; a continuing change of position or place
• __________– a part of the earth’s surface that rises high above the area around it
• __________– to express or feel sadness
• __________– to change position; to put or keep in motion; to go
• __________– the act of moving or a way of moving; a series of acts or efforts to reach a goal
• __________– a motion picture; a film
• __________– great in amount
• __________– to kill another person illegally; the crime of killing another person
• __________– the making of sounds by singing or using a musical instrument
• __________– a word used with an action word to mean necessary (“You must go to school.”)
• __________– something that is not or cannot be explained or understood; a secret

N

• __________– to appoint; to nominate; to give a name to; a word by which a person, animal or thing is known or called
• __________– limited in size or amount; not wide; having a short distance from one side to the other
• __________– a country, together with its social and political systems
• __________– someone who was born in a place, not one who moved there
• __________– of or about nature; normal; common to its kind
• __________– all the plants, animals and other things on earth not created by humans; events or processes not caused by humans
• __________– the part of a country’s military force trained to fight at sea
• __________– not far; close to
• __________– needed to get a result or effect; required
• __________– to require; to want; to be necessary to have or to do
• __________– to talk about a problem or situation to find a common solution
• __________– not one or the other of two
• __________– not supporting one side or the other in a dispute
• __________– at no time; not ever
• __________– not existing before; not known before; recently made, built, bought or grown; another; different
• __________– information about any recent events, especially as reported by the media
• __________– coming immediately after; nearest
• __________– pleasing; good; kind
• __________– the time between when the sun goes down and when it rises, when there is little or no light
• __________– used to reject or to refuse; not any; not at all
• __________– sound, especially when loud
• __________– to name someone as a candidate for an election; to propose a person for an office or position
• __________– the middle of the day; twelve o’clock in the daytime
• __________– the usual condition, amount or form; usual; what is expected
• __________– the direction to the left of a person facing the rising sun
• __________– a word showing that something is denied or untrue (“She is not going.”)
• __________– to talk about something already known; a word or words written to help a person remember; a short letter
• __________– not anything; no thing
• __________– at this time; immediately
• __________– not in, to or at any place
• __________– of or about the energy produced by splitting atoms or bringing them together; of or about weapons that explode by using energy from atoms
• __________– a word or sign used to show the order or amount of things

O

• __________– to act as one is ordered to act
• __________– to show that one does not like or approve; to protest; something not alive that can be seen or touched
• __________– to watch; to look at carefully; to celebrate or honor something (“They will observe the anniversary of the day she was born.”)
• __________– to take and hold or to control by force
• __________– the area of salt water that covers almost seventy-five percent of the earth’s surface; any of the five main divisions of this water
• __________– made from; belonging to; about; connected to; included among
• __________– away; at a distance; condition when something is no longer operating or continuing; not on; not connected
• __________– a military campaign of attack; having to do with attacking
• __________– to present or propose; the act of presenting or proposing; that which is presented or proposed
• __________– a room or building where business or work is done; a public position to which one is elected or appointed
• __________– a person in the military who commands others; any person who is a member of a police force
• __________– a person with power in an organization; a representative of an organization or government; of or about an office; approved by the government or someone in power
• __________– many times
• __________– a thick liquid that does not mix with water and that burns easily; a black liquid taken from the ground and used as fuel
• __________– not young or new; having lived or existed for many years
• __________– above and held up by; touching the upper surface of (“The book is on the table.”); supported by (“He is on his feet.”); about (“The report on the meeting is ready.”); at the time of (“He left on Wednesday.”)
• __________– one time only
• __________– being the single one or ones; no more than (“We have only two dollars.”)
• __________– to start (“They opened talks.”); not closed; not secret
• __________– to do work or a job; to cut into the body for medical reasons
• __________– a belief based on one’s own ideas and thinking
• __________– to be against; to fight against
• __________– different as possible; completely different from; exactly the other way (“North is the opposite direction from south.”)
• __________– to make others suffer; to control by the use of unjust and cruel force or power
• __________– giving another of two choices; giving the last of several choices
• __________– to travel in space around a planet or other object; the path or way an object travels in space around another object or planet
• __________– to give a command; to tell someone what to do; a command; the correct or normal way things are organized; a peaceful situation in which people obey laws
• __________– to put in order; to put together into a system
• __________– different; of another kind; the remaining one or ones of two or more “>(“That man is short; the other is tall.”)
• __________– of or belonging to us
• __________– to force to leave; to remove by force
• __________– away from the inside; opposite of in
• __________– above; covering; across, in or on every part of (“all over the world”)
• __________– to remove from power; to defeat or end by force
• __________– to pay or have to repay (usually money) in return for something received
• __________– to have or possess for oneself

P

• __________– a hurt or suffering somewhere in the body
• __________– to cover with a liquid color; to make a picture with liquid colors; a colored liquid used to cover or protect a surface
• __________– a metal container used for cooking
• __________– a thin, flat material made from plants or cloth often used for writing
• __________– a device that permits a person or thing to fall slowly from an airplane or helicopter to the ground
• __________– a group of people and vehicles moving together to celebrate a special event or anniversary
• __________– to forgive for a crime and release from punishment
• __________– a father or mother
• __________– a government lawmaking group
• __________– something less than the whole; not all of something
• __________– a group of people working together for a political purpose; a group of people or friends gathered together for enjoyment
• __________– to go by or move around something; to move along; to cause or permit to go
• __________– a person travelling by airplane, train, boat or car who is not the pilot or driver
• __________– a document permitting a person to travel to another country
• __________– the time gone by; the time before; recent; immediately before; former
• __________– a narrow way for walking; a way along which something moves
• __________– a person being treated by a doctor for a health problem
• __________– to give money for work done or for something bought
• __________– the condition of freedom from war, fighting or noise; rest; quiet
• __________– any group of persons; all the persons of a group, race, religion or nation (“the American people”)
• __________– a part of every hundred (“Ten is ten percent of one hundred.”)
• __________– complete or correct in every way; completely right or good; without mistakes
• __________– to speak, dance or sing in front of others
• __________– an amount of time within events, restrictions or conditions
• __________– never changing; lasting for a very long time or for all time
• __________– to let; to make possible
• __________– a man, woman or child
• __________– of the body
• __________– the study of motion, matter and energy
• __________– something that shows what another thing looks like; an idea or representation of something as seen by the eye; a painting; what is made with a camera
• __________– a part of something larger
• __________– a farm animal used for its meat
• __________– one who guides or flies an airplane or helicopter
• __________– a long, round piece of material used to move liquid or gas
• __________– to put something somewhere; an area or a part of an area; space where a person or thing is; any room, building, town or country
• __________– to organize or develop an idea or method of acting or doing something “>(“They plan to have a party.”); an organized or developed idea or method (“The plan will not work.”)
• __________– a large object in space that orbits the sun (“Earth is a planet.”)
• __________– to put into the ground to grow; a living growth from the ground which gets its food from air, water and earth
• __________– a material made from chemicals that can be formed and made into things
• __________– to have fun; to not work; to take part in a sport; to make music on an instrument; a story acted in a theater
• __________– to make one happy; to give enjoyment
• __________– all that is needed; a large enough amount
• __________– to make secret plans; a secret plan to do something wrong or illegal
• __________– words and their sounds organized in a special way to express emotions
• __________–to aim one’s finger toward; to aim; the sharp end of something
• __________– a substance that can destroy life or damage health
• __________– a government agency responsible for guarding the public, keeping order, and making sure people obey the law; members of that agency
• __________– an established set of plans or goals used to develop and make decisions in politics, economics or business
• __________– the activities of government and of those who are in public office
• __________– to release dangerous or unpleasant substances into the air, soil or water
• __________– people with little or no money; lacking money or goods; of bad quality
• __________– liked by many people; generally approved by the public
• __________– all the people in a place, city or country
• __________– a city where ships load or unload goods; a place on a coast where ships can be safe from a storm
• __________– a place; the way of holding the body; the way a thing is set or placed; a job (or level of a job) in an organization
• __________– to have; to own; to control or be controlled by
• __________– able to be done; can happen or is expected to happen
• __________– to delay action until a later time
• __________– to flow; to cause to flow
• __________– the condition of being poor
• __________– the ability to control or direct others; control; strength; ruling force; force or energy used to do work (“Water power turns the wheel.”)
• __________– to say good things about; to approve
• __________– to make a request to a god or spirit; to praise a god or spirit
• __________– carrying a child within the body before it is born; expecting to give birth to a baby
• __________– to offer for consideration (“We will present our idea to the committee.”); a gift (“I gave them a present for their anniversary.”); now (“The present time is a good time.”); to be at a place (“I was present at school yesterday.”)
• __________–the chief official of a country that is a republic; the leader of an organization
• __________– to urge strongly; newspapers, magazines and other publications
• __________– the force produced when something is pushed down or against something else
• __________– to keep or stop from going or happening
• __________– the amount of money for which anything is bought, sold or offered for sale
• __________– a place where a person is kept as punishment for a crime
• __________– of or about a person or group that is secret; opposite public
• __________– something offered or won in a competition; something of value that one must work hard for to get
• __________– a good chance of taking place; a little more than possible
• __________– a difficult question or situation with an unknown or unclear answer
• __________– an operation or series of changes leading to a desired result
• __________– to make; to create; to cause something to be; to manufacture
• __________– a job that requires special training
• __________– a teacher at a college or university
• __________– money gained from a business activity after paying all costs of that activity
• __________– a plan of action; the different events or parts of a meeting or show
• __________– movement forward or toward improvement or a goal
• __________– a planned effort to do something
• __________– ideas or information used to influence opinions
• __________– anything owned by someone such as land, buildings or goods
• __________– to present or offer for consideration
• __________– to guard; to defend; to prevent from being harmed or damaged
• __________– to speak against; to object
• __________– to show to be true
• __________– to give something needed or wanted
• __________– of or about all the people in a community or country; opposite private
• __________– something that is published such as a book, newspaper or magazine
• __________– to make public something that is written; to include something in a book, newspaper or magazine
• __________– to use force to move something toward the person or thing using the force; opposite push
• __________– to force a gas or liquid up, into or through
• __________– to cause pain, suffering or loss for doing something bad or illegal
• __________– to buy with money or with something of equal value; n. that which is bought
• __________– free from anything that is different or that reduces value; clean
• __________– the reason or desired effect for doing something; goal
• __________– to use force to move something away from the person or thing using the force; opposite pull
• __________– to place; to set in position

Q

• __________– that which something is known to have or be (“An important quality of steel is its strength.”); amount of value or excellence (“Their goods are of the highest quality.”)
• __________– to ask; to express wonder or disbelief; a sentence or word used in asking for information; a problem; an issue to be discussed
• __________– fast
• __________– with little or no noise; having little or no movement; calm

R

• __________– to run; to take part in a competition to decide who or what can move fastest; to take part in a campaign for political office; one of the major groups that humans can be divided into because of a common physical similarity, such as skin color
• __________– a device that uses radio signals to learn the position or speed of objects that may be too far away to be seen
• __________– waves of energy from something that produces heat or light; energy from a nuclear substance, which can be dangerous
• __________– the system of sending and receiving signals or sounds through the air without wires
• __________– to make a sudden attack; a sudden attack carried out as an act of war, or for the purpose of seizing or stealing something
• __________– road for trains; a company that operates such a road and its stations and equipment
• __________– water falling from the sky
• __________– to lift up; to move to a higher position; to cause to grow; to increase
• __________– not common; not usual; not often
• __________– speed; a measure of how quickly or how often something happens; the price of any thing or service that is bought or sold
• __________– to put a hand toward; to arrive at; to come to
• __________– to act as a result of or in answer to
• __________– to look at and understand the meaning of written words or numbers
• __________– prepared; completed; organized; willing
• __________– true; truly existing; not false
• __________– in agreement with the way things are
• __________– the cause for a belief or act; purpose; something that explains
• __________– ready to listen to reasons or ideas; not extreme; ready or willing to compromise
• __________– to act against a government or power, often with force; to refuse to obey; n. one who opposes or fights against the government of his or her country
• __________– to get or accept something given, offered or sent
• __________– a short time ago
• __________– a temporary reduction in economic activity, when industries produce less and many workers lose their jobs
• __________– to know or remember something or someone that was known, known about or seen before; to accept another nation as independent and establish diplomatic ties with its government
• __________– to write something in order to have it for future use; to put sound or pictures in a form that can be kept and heard or seen again; a writing that shows proof or facts about something
• __________– to get again something that was lost, stolen or taken away (“The police recovered the stolen money.”); to return to normal health or normal conditions She is expected to recover from the operation.”)
• __________– having the color like that of blood
• __________– to make less or smaller in number, size or amount; to cut
• __________– to make better by changing; to improve; a change to a better condition
• __________– a person who has been forced to flee because of unjust treatment, danger or war
• __________– to reject; to not accept, give or do something
• __________– a feeling of sadness or sorrow about something that is done or that happens
• __________– to refuse to accept, use or believe
• __________– understandings or ties between nations; members of the same family; people connected by marriage or family ties
• __________– to free; to permit to go; to permit to be known or made public
• __________– a belief in, or the honoring of, a god or gods
• __________– to stay in a place after others leave; to stay the same
• __________– a dead body
• __________– to think about the past; opposite forget
• __________– to take away or take off; to put an end to; to take out of a position or office
• __________– work done to fix something
• __________– to say or do again
• __________– to tell about; to give the results of a study or investigation; the story about an event; the results of a study or investigation; a statement in which the facts may not be confirmed
• __________– to act in the place of someone else; to substitute for; to serve as an example
• __________– to control or to restrict freedoms by force
• __________– to ask for; n. the act of asking for
• __________– to need or demand as necessary
• __________– to free from danger or evil
• __________– a careful study to discover correct information
• __________– to leave a position, job or office
• __________– to oppose; to fight to prevent
• __________– an official statement of agreement by a group of people, usually reached by voting
• __________– anything of value that can be used or sold
• __________– having a duty or job to do (“He is responsible for preparing the report.”); being the cause of (“They were responsible for the accident.”)
• __________– to sit, lie down or sleep to regain strength; that which remains; the others
• __________– to keep controlled; to limit action by a person or group
• __________– to limit; to prevent from increasing or becoming larger
• __________– to happen from a cause; that which follows or is produced by a cause; effect
• __________– to leave a job or position because one is old or in poor health
• __________– to go or come back; to bring, give, take or send back
• __________– to protest violently; to fight for a change, especially of government
• __________– a food grain
• __________– having much money or goods; having plenty of something
• __________– to sit on or in and be carried along; to travel by animal, wheeled vehicle, airplane or boat
• __________– what a person legally and morally should be able to do or have (“It is their right to vote.”); agreeing with the facts; good; correct; opposite wrong; on the side that is toward the east when one is facing north; opposite left
• __________– to act with many others in a violent way in a public place; n. a violent action by a large group of people
• __________–  to go up; to go higher; to increase; to go from a position of sitting or lying to a position of standing
• __________– the chance of loss, damage or injury
• __________– a large amount of water that flows across land into another river, a lake or an ocean
• __________– a long piece of hard ground built between two places so people can walk, drive or ride easily from one place to the other
• __________– to take money or property secretly or by force; to steal
• __________– a hard piece of mineral matter
• __________– a device shaped like a tube that moves through air or space by burning gases and letting them escape from the back or bottom, sometimes used as a weapon
• __________– to turn over and over; to move like a ball
• __________– a separate area within a building with its own walls
• __________– the part of a plant that is under the ground and takes nutrients from the soil
• __________– a long, thick piece of material made from thinner pieces of material, used for tying
• __________– not flat or smooth; having an uneven surface; violent; not made well
• __________– having the shape of a ball or circle
• __________– to move something over the surface of another thing
• __________– a substance made from the liquid of trees with the same name, or a similar substance made from chemicals
• __________– to damage severely; to destroy
• __________– to govern or control; to decide; a statement or an order that says how something must be done
• __________– to move quickly by steps faster than those used for walking

S

• __________– to damage or destroy as an act against an organization or nation (“The rebels sabotaged the railroad.”)
• __________– to do without something or to suffer a loss for a belief, idea, goal or another person
• __________– not happy
• __________– away from harm or danger
• __________– to travel by boat or ship
• __________– a person involved in sailing a boat or ship
• __________– a white substance found in sea water and in the ground, used to affect the taste of food
• __________– not different; not changed; like another or others
• __________– extremely small pieces of crushed rock found in large amounts in deserts and on coasts
• __________– a small object in space that moves around a larger object; an object placed in orbit around the earth
• __________– to give or provide what is desired, needed or demanded
• __________– to make safe; to remove from harm; to keep for future use
• __________– to speak; to express in words
• __________– a place for education; a place where people go to learn
• __________– the study of nature and the actions of natural things, and the knowledge gained about them
• __________– a large area of salt water, usually part of an ocean
• __________– to look for carefully
• __________– one of the four periods of the year that is based on the earth’s position toward the sun (spring, summer, autumn, winter); a period of time based on different weather conditions (“dry season”, “rainy season”); a period during the year when something usually happens (“baseball season”)
• __________– a thing to sit on; a place to sit or the right to sit there (“a seat in parliament”)
• __________– the one that comes after the first
• __________– something known only to a few and kept from general knowledge; hidden from others; known only to a few
• __________– freedom from danger or harm; protection; measures necessary to protect a person or place (“Security was increased in the city.”)
• __________– to know or sense through the eyes; to understand or know
• __________– the part of a plant from which new plants grow
• __________– to search for (“They are seeking a cure for cancer.”); to try to get (“She is seeking election to public office.”); to plan to do (“Electric power companies are seeking to reduce their use of coal.”)
• __________– to appear to be (“She seems to be in good health.”)
• __________– to take quickly by force; to take control of quickly; to arrest
• __________– all that which makes one person different from others
• __________– to give something in exchange for money
• __________– the smaller of the two groups in the governments of some countries, such as in the United States Congress
• __________– to cause to go; to permit to go; to cause to be carried, taken or directed to or away from a place
• __________– to come to know about by feeling, believing or understanding; any of the abilities to see, hear, taste, smell or feel
• __________– to declare the punishment for a crime; the punishment for a crime
• __________– to set or keep people, things or ideas away from or independent from others; not together or connected; different
• __________– a number of similar things or events that follow one after another in time, position or order
• __________– important; needing careful consideration; dangerous
• __________– to work as an official; to be employed by the government; to assist or help
• __________– an organization or system that provides something for the public (“Schools and roads are services paid for by taxes.”); a job that an organization or business can do for money; military organizations such as an army, navy or air force; a religious ceremony
• __________– to put in place or position; to establish a time, price or limit
• __________– to end (a dispute); to agree about (a problem); to make a home in a new place
• __________– three or more, but not many
• __________– not gentle; causing much pain, sadness or damage
• __________– either the male or female group into which all people and animals are divided because of their actions in producing young; the physical activity by which humans and animals can produce young
• __________– to move or cause to move in short, quick movements
• __________– to give form to; the form of something, especially how it looks
• __________– to give part of something to another or others; a part belonging to, given to or owned by a single person or a group; any one of the equal parts of ownership of a business or company
• __________– having a thin edge or small point that can cut or hurt; causing hurt or pain
• __________– the girl or woman who is being spoken about
• __________– a farm animal used for its meat and hair
• __________– to fire artillery; a metal container that is fired from a large gun and explodes when it reaches its target; a hard outside cover
• __________– to protect or give protection to; something that gives protection; a place of safety
• __________– to aim a light; to give bright light; to be bright; to clean to make bright
• __________– to transport; a large boat
• __________– to cause to feel sudden surprise or fear; something that greatly affects the mind or emotions; a powerful shake, as from an earthquake
• __________– a covering for the foot
• __________– to cause a gun or other weapon to send out an object designed to kill; to use a gun
• __________– lasting only for a small period of time; not long; opposite tall
• __________– used with another verb (action word) to show responsibility (“We should study.”), probability (“The talks should begin soon.”), or that something is believed to be a good idea (“Criminals should be punished.”)
• __________– to speak very loudly
• __________– to make something be seen; to make known; a play or story presented in a theater, or broadcast on radio or television, for enjoyment or education; something organized to be seen by the public
• __________– to make or become less in size, weight or value
• __________– suffering physically or mentally with a disease or other problem; not in good health
• __________– the condition of being in bad health
• __________– the outer surfaces of an object that are not the top or bottom; parts away from the middle; either the right or left half of the body
• __________– to write one’s name; a mark or shape used to mean something; evidence that something exists or will happen; a flat piece of material with writing that gives information
• __________– to send a message by signs; an action or movement that sends a message
• __________– to make quiet; to stop from speaking or making noise; a lack of noise or sound
• __________– a valued white metal
• __________– like something else but not exactly the same
• __________– easy to understand or do; not difficult or complex
• __________– from a time in the past until now (“I have known her since we went to school together.”)
• __________– to make music sounds with the voice
• __________– one only
• __________– to go down into water or other liquid
• __________– a female with the same father or mother as another person
• __________– to rest on the lower part of the body without the support of the legs; to become seated
• __________– the way things are during a period of time
• __________– the space occupied by something; how long, wide or high something is
• __________– all the bones of a human or other animal together in their normal positions
• __________– the ability gained from training or experience
• __________– the outer covering of humans and most animals
• __________– the space above the earth
• __________– a person owned or controlled by another
• __________– to rest the body and mind with the eyes closed
• __________– to move smoothly over a surface
• __________– to reduce the speed of; not fast in moving, talking or other activities
• __________– little in size or amount; few in number; not important; opposite large
• __________– to break or be broken into small pieces by force; to hit or move with force
• __________– to sense through the nose; something sensed by the nose (“the smell of food cooking”)
• ______– to use cigarettes or other tobacco products by burning them and breathing in the smoke; that which can be seen rising into the air like a cloud from something burning
• ______– having a level surface; opposite rough
• ______– soft, white pieces of frozen water that fall from the sky, usually in winter or when the air temperature is very cold
• ______– in such a way that (“He held the flag so all could see it.”); also; too (“She left early, and so did we.”); very (“I am so sick.”); as a result (“They were sick, so they could not come.”); in order that; for the purpose of (“Come early so we can discuss the plans.”)
• ______– of or about people or a group
• ______– not hard; easily shaped; pleasing to touch; not loud
• ______– earth in which plants grow
• ______– a person in the army
• ______– having a hard shape with no empty spaces inside; strong; not in the form of a liquid or gas
• ______– to find an answer; to settle
• ______– of an amount or number or part not stated; not all
• ______– a person’s male child
• ______– not long after the present time; quickly
• ______– any group of people or things that are the same or are similar in some way; a kind of something
• ______– fast-moving waves of energy that affect the ear and result in hearing; that which is heard
• ______– the direction to the right of a person facing the rising sun
• ______– the area outside the earth’s atmosphere where the sun, moon, planets and stars are; the area between or inside things
• ______– to talk; to say words with the mouth; to express one’s thoughts to others and exchange ideas; to give a speech to a group
• ______– of a different or unusual kind; not for general use; better or more important than others of the same kind
• ______– a talk given to a group of people
• ______– to make something go or move faster; the rate at which something moves or travels; the rate at which something happens or is done
• ______– to give as payment; to use (“He spends much time studying.”)
• ______– to cause or permit liquid to flow out, usually by accident
• ______– the part of a human that is not physical and is connected to thoughts and emotions; the part of a person that is believed to remain alive after death
• ______– to separate into two or more parts; to divide or break into parts
• ______– any game or activity of competition involving physical effort or skill
• ______– to become longer or wider; to make or become widely known
• ______– the time of the year between winter and summer
• ______– to steal or get information secretly; one who watches others secretly; a person employed by a government to get secret information about another country
• ______– a flat shape having four equal sides
• ______– to cut or push into or through with a pointed weapon
• ______– to move into or be in a position in which only the feet are on a surface; to be in one position or place
• ______– a mass of gas that usually appears as a small light in the sky at night, but is not a planet; a famous person, usually an actor or singer
• ______– to begin; to make something begin
• ______– to suffer or die from a lack of food
• ______– to say; to declare; a political part of a nation
• ______– a place of special work or purpose (“a police station”); a place where passengers get on or off trains or buses; a place for radio or television broadcasts
• ______– a form of a human, animal or other creature usually made of stone, wood or metal
• ______– to continue to be where one is; to remain; to not leave; to live for a time (“They stayed in New York for two years.”)
• ______– to take without permission or paying
• ______– the gas that comes from hot water
• ______– iron made harder and stronger by mixing it with other substances
• ______– to move by lifting one foot and placing it in a new position; the act of stepping; one of a series of actions designed to reach a goal
• ______– to attach something to another thing using a substance that will hold them together; to become fixed in one position so that movement is difficult (“Something is making the door stick.”); a thin piece of wood
• ______– not moving (“The man was standing still.”); until the present or a stated time (“Was he still there?”); even so; although (“The job was difficult, but she still wanted to do it.”)
• ______– a small piece of rock
• ______– to prevent any more movement or action; to come or bring to an end
• ______– to keep or put away for future use; n. a place where people buy things
• ______– violent weather, including strong winds and rain or snow
• ______– the telling or writing of an event, either real or imagined
• ______– a heating device used for cooking
• ______– continuing in one direction without turns
• ______– unusual; not normal; not known
• ______– a road in a city, town or village
• ______– to extend for a distance; to pull on to make longer or wider
• ______– to hit with force; to stop work as a way to seek better conditions, more pay or to make other demands
• ______– having much power; not easily broken, damaged or destroyed
• ______– the way something is built, made or organized; a system that is formed or organized in a special way; a building
• ______–to try with much effort; to fight with; a great effort; a fight
• ______– to make an effort to gain knowledge by using the mind; to examine carefully
• ______– not able to learn much; not intelligent
• ______– the person or thing being discussed, studied or written about
• ______– an underwater ship
• ______– the material of which something is made (a solid, liquid or gas)
• ______– to put or use in place of another; a person or thing put or used in place of another
• ______– an attempt to weaken or destroy a political system or government, usually secretly
• ______– to reach a goal or thing desired; to produce a planned result
• ______– of this or that kind; of the same kind as; similar to
• ______– not expected; without warning; done or carried out quickly or without preparation
• ______– to feel pain in the body or mind; to receive or experience hurt or sadness
• ______– a sweet substance made from liquids taken from plants
• ______– to offer or propose something to think about or consider
• ______– the warmest time of the year, between spring and autumn
• ______– the huge star in the sky that provides heat and light to earth
• ______– to direct and observe the work of others
• ______– to give; to provide; n. the amount of something that can be given or sold to others
• ______– to carry the weight of; to hold up or in position; to agree with others and help them reach a goal; to approve
• ______– to believe, think or imagine (“I suppose you are right.”); to expect (“It is supposed to rain tonight.”)
• ______– to put down or to keep down by force; to prevent information from being known publicly
• ______– very probable; with good reason to believe; true without question
• ______– the outer side or top of something (“The rocket landed on the surface of the moon.”)
• ______– an amount that is more than is needed; extra; (“That country has a trade surplus. It exports more than it imports.”)
• ______– to cause a feeling of wonder because something is not expected; something not expected; the feeling caused by something not expected
• ______– to give control of oneself or one’s property to another or others; to stop fighting and admit defeat
• ______– to form a circle around; to be in positions all around someone or something
• ______– to remain alive during or after a dangerous situation
• ______– to imagine or believe that a person is guilty of something bad or illegal; a person believed to be guilty
• ______– to cause to stop for a period of time
• ______– to take into the stomach through the mouth
• ______– to put an official into office by having him or her promise to carry out the duties of that office (“The chief justice will swear in the president.”)
• ______– tasting pleasant, like sugar
• ______– to move through water by making motions with the arms and legs
• ______– a sharing of feelings or emotions with another person, usually feelings of sadness
• ______– a method of organizing or doing something by following rules or a plan; a group of connected things or parts working together for a common purpose or goal

T

• ______– to put a hand or hands around something and hold it, often to move it to another place; to carry something ; to seize; to capture; to begin to be in control (“The president takes office tomorrow.”)
• ______– to express thoughts in spoken words; n. a meeting for discussion
• ______– higher than others; opposite short
• ______– a large container for holding liquids; a heavy military vehicle with guns
• ______– any person or object aimed at or fired at
• ______– to sense through the mouth (“The fruit tastes sweet.”)
• ______– the money a person or business must pay to the government so the government can provide services
• ______– a drink made from the plant of the same name
• ______– to show how to do something; to provide knowledge; to cause to understand
• ______– a group organized for some purpose, often for sports
• ______– to pull apart, often by force
• ______– the fluid that comes out of the eyes while crying
• ______– involving machines, processes and materials in industry, transportation and communications; of or about a very special kind of subject or thing (“You need technical knowledge to understand how this system works.”)
• ______– the use of scientific knowledge and methods to produce goods and services
• ______– a device or system for sending sounds, especially the voice, over distances
• ______– a device for making objects that are far away appear closer and larger
• ______– a device that receives electronic signals and makes them into pictures and sounds; the system of sending pictures and sounds by electronic signals over a distance so others can see and hear them on a receiver
• ______– to give information; to make known by speaking; to order; to command
• ______– the measurement of heat and cold
• ______– lasting only a short time
• ______– having fear or concern; dangerous; opposite calm
• ______– a limited period of time during which someone does a job or carries out a responsibility (“He served two terms in Congress.”); the conditions of an agreement that have been accepted by those involved in it
• ______– very bad; causing terror or fear
• ______– a large area of land
• ______– extreme fear; that which causes great fear
• ______– a person who carries out acts of extreme violence as a protest or a way to influence a government
• ______– to attempt to learn or prove what something is like or how it will act by studying or doing (“The scientists will test the new engine soon.”); an attempt to learn or prove what something is like or how it will act by studying or doing (“The test of the new engine takes place today.”); a group of questions or problems used to find out a person’s knowledge (“The students did well on the language test.”)
• ______– connecting word used to link things that may be similar, but are not equal (“My sister is taller than I am.”)
• ______– to say that one has a good feeling toward another because that person did something kind (“I want to thank you for helping me.”)
• ______– showing the person, place or thing being spoken about (“That man is a soldier.”); pro. the person, place or thing being spoken about (“The building that I saw was very large.”)
• ______– used in front of a name word to show that it is a person or thing that is known about or is being spoken about
• ______– a place where movies are shown or plays are performed
• ______– other people being spoken about
• ______– at that time; existing; and so
• ______– a possible explanation of why something exists or how something happens using experiments or ideas, but which is not yet proven (“Other scientists are debating his theory about the disappearance of dinosaurs.”)
• ______– in that place or position; to or toward that place
• ______– of or about the people, places or things nearby that have been spoken about already
• ______– those ones being spoken about
• ______– having a large distance between two opposite surfaces (“The wall is two meters thick.”); having many parts close together (“The forest is very thick.”); almost solid, such as a liquid that does not flow easily; opposite thin
• ______– having a small distance between two opposite surfaces; not fat; not wide; opposite thick
• ______– any object
• ______– to produce thoughts; to form ideas in the mind; to consider; to believe
• ______– coming after two others
• ______– of or about the person, place or thing nearby that has been spoken about already
• ______– to warn that one will do harm or cause damage
• ______– in at one end and out at the other; from front to back; from top to bottom; with the help of; by
• ______– to cause to go through the air by a movement of the arm
• ______– to join or hold together with some material; anything that joins or unites; links or connections (“The two nations have strong trade ties.”)
• ______– that which is measured in minutes, hours, days and years; a period that can be identified in hours and minutes and is shown on a clock; a period when an event should or will take place
• ______– having less strength because of work or exercise; needing sleep or rest
• ______– showing the direction of an action; showing the person or place toward which an action is directed; showing a goal or purpose
• ______– this day
• ______– in one group; at the same time or place; in cooperation
• ______– the day after today
• ______– this night
• ______– also; as well as; more than is necessary
• ______– any instrument or device designed to help one do work
• ______– the upper edge or surface; the highest part; the cover of something
• ______– to cause severe pain; the act of causing severe pain in order to harm, to punish or to get information from
• ______– the complete amount
• ______– to put the hand or fingers on
• ______– in the direction of; leading to
• ______– a center where people live, larger than a village but not as large as a city
• ______– to buy and sell or exchange products or services; the activity of buying, selling or exchanging products or services
• ______– a ceremony, activity or belief that has existed for a long time
• ______– the movement of people, vehicles or ships along a street, road or waterway
• ______– extremely sad; terrible
• ______– to teach or learn how to do something; to prepare for an activity; n. an engine and the cars connected to it that move along a railroad
• ______– to move goods or people from one place to another
• ______– the act or business of moving goods or people
• ______– to catch or be caught by being tricked; to be unable to move or escape; a device used to catch animals
• ______– to go from one place to another, usually for a long distance
• ______– the act of fighting against one’s own country or of helping its enemies
• ______– a large collection of money, jewels or other things of great value
• ______– to deal with; to act toward in a special way; to try to cure
• ______– the act of treating; the use of medicine to try to cure or make better
• treaty– a written agreement between two or more nations
• tree– a very tall plant that is mostly wood, except for its leaves
• trial– an examination in a court of a question or dispute to decide if a charge is true
• tribe– a group of families ruled by a common chief or leader
• trick– to cheat; to fool a person so as to get something or make him or her do something
• trip– a movement from one place to another, usually a long distance
• troops– a number of soldiers in a large controlled group
• trouble– that which causes concern, fear, difficulty or problems
• truce– a temporary halt in fighting agreed to by all sides involved
• truck– a heavy vehicle used to carry goods
• true– correct; not false
• trust– to believe that someone is honest and will not cause harm
• try– to make an effort; to take court action against a person to decide if he or she is guilty or innocent of a crime
• tube– a long, round structure through which liquids or gases can flow; a long, thin container in which they can be kept
• turn– to change direction; to move into a different position; to change color, form or shape

U

• ______– below; below the surface of; less than; as called for by a law, agreement or system (“The river flows under the bridge.” “Such action is not permitted under the law.”)
• ______– to know what is meant; to have knowledge of
• ______– to join together
• ______– all of space, including planets and stars
• ______– a place of education that usually includes several colleges and research organizations
• ______– except if it happens; on condition that (“I will not go, unless the rain stops.”)
• ______– up to a time; before
• ______– to, in or at a higher position or value
• ______– to advise strongly; to make a great effort to get someone to do something
• ______– needing an immediate decision or action
• ______– the form of the word “we” used after a preposition (“He said he would write to us.”) or used as an object of a verb (“They saw us yesterday.”)
• ______– to employ for a purpose; to put into action
• ______– as is normal or common; as is most often done, seen or heard

V

• ______– a long area of land between higher areas of land
• ______– the quality of being useful, important or desired; the amount of money that could be received if something is sold
• ______– a plant grown for food
• ______– anything on or in which a person or thing can travel or be transported, especially anything on wheels; a car or truck
• _____– the form of something with different details than earlier or later forms
• _____– extremely (“He was very late.”)
• _____– to reject or refuse to approve
• _____– bad; dangerous; showing harm or hate
• _____– someone or something that is injured, killed or made to suffer; someone who is tricked
• _____– a success in a fight or competition
• _____– a very small town
• _____– to fail to obey or honor; to break (an agreement)
• _____– the use of force to cause injury, death or damage
• _____– to go to or come to a place for a short time for friendly or business reasons
• _____– the sound made by creatures, especially humans, for speaking
• _____– a hill or mountain around a hole in the earth’s surface that can explode, sending hot, melted rock and ash into the air
• _____– to choose a candidate in an election; a choice or decision expressed by the voice, by hand or by writing

W

• _____– money received for work done
• _____– to delay acting; to postpone
• _____– to move by putting one foot in front of the other
• _____– the side of a room or building formed by wood, stone or other material; a structure sometimes used to separate areas of land
• _____– to desire; to wish for; to need
• _____– fighting between nations, or groups in a nation, using weapons
• _____– almost hot; having or feeling some heat
• _____– to tell of possible danger; to advise or inform about something bad that may happen
• _____– to make clean, usually with water
• _____– to spend or use without need or care; to make bad use of; a spending of money, time or effort with no value gained or returned; something thrown away as having no value; the liquid and solid substances that result from body processes and are passed out of the body
• _____– to look at; to observe closely; to look and wait for
• _____– the liquid that falls from the sky as rain or is found in lakes, rivers and oceans
• _____– to move or cause to move one way and the other, as a flag in the wind; to signal by moving the hand one way and the other;  a large mass of water that forms and moves on the surface of a lake or ocean
• _____– a path on land or sea or in the air; how something is done; method
• _____– two or more people, including the speaker or writer (“He and I will go together, and we will return together.”)
• _____– having little power; easily broken, damaged or destroyed; opposite strong
• _____– a large amount of possessions, money or other things of value
• _____– anything used to cause injury or to kill during an attack, fight or war
• _____– to have on the body, as clothes
• _____– the condition of the atmosphere resulting from sun, wind, rain, heat or cold
• _____– a period of time equal to seven days
• _____– to measure how heavy someone or something is
• _____– to express happiness or pleasure when someone arrives or something develops
• _____– in a way that is good or pleasing; in good health; a hole in the ground where water, gas or oil can be found
• _____–the direction in which the sun goes down
• _____– covered with water or other liquid; not dry
• _____– used to ask about something or to ask for information about something (“What is this?”); which or which kind (“He wants to know what you would like to drink.”)
• _____– a grain used to make bread; the plant that produces the grain
• _____– a round structure that turns around a center
• _____– at what time; at any time (“When will she come home?”); during or at the time (“I studied hard when I was in school.”)
• _____– at, to or in what place (“Where is his house?” “The house where he lives is in the old part of the city.”)
• _____– used to ask about what one or what ones of a group of things or people (“Which program do you like best?” “Which students will take the test?”)
• _____– a space of time (“Please come to my house for a while.”); at or during the same time (“It may not be a good idea to eat while you are running.”)
• _____– having the color like that of milk or snow
• _____– what or which person or persons that (“Who wants to go?”); the person or persons (“They are the ones who want to go.”)
• _____– the complete amount; all together; not divided; not cut into pieces
• _____– for what cause or reason (“Why did she do it?”); the reason for which (“I do not know why she did it.”)
• _____– having a great distance from one side to the other; not limited
• _____– a woman who is married
• _____– living and growing in natural conditions and not organized or supervised by humans; angry; uncontrolled
• _____– a word used with action words to show future action (“They will hold talks tomorrow.”)
• _____– being ready or having a desire to (“They are willing to talk about the problem.”)
• _____– to gain a victory; to defeat another or others in a competition, election or battle
• _____– a strong movement of air
• _____– an opening in a wall to let in light and air, usually filled with glass
• _____– the coldest time of year, between autumn and spring
• _____– a long, thin piece of metal used to hang objects or to carry electricity or electronic communications from one place to another
• _____– having much knowledge and understanding; able to use knowledge and understanding to make good or correct decisions
• _____– to want; to express a desire for
• _____– along or by the side of; together; using (“He fixed it with a tool.”); having (“the house with the red door”)
• _____– to take or move out, away or back; to remove
• _____– with no; not having or using; free from; not doing
• _____– an adult female human
• _____– to ask oneself; to question (“She wonders if it is true.”); a feeling of surprise
• _____– causing wonder; especially good
• _____– the solid material of which trees are made
• _____– one or more connected sounds that form a single part of a language
• _____– to use physical or mental effort to make or do something; the effort used to make or to do something; that which needs effort; the job one does to earn money
• _____– the earth; the people who live on the earth
• _____– to be concerned; to continue thinking that something, possibly bad, can happen
• _____– more bad than
• _____– value measured in money
• _____– to injure; to hurt; to cause physical damage to a person or animal; an injury to the body of a human or animal in which the skin is usually cut or broken
• _____– to damage greatly; to destroy; anything that has been badly damaged or broken
• _____– what remains of something severely damaged or destroyed
• _____– to use an instrument to make words appear on a surface, such as paper
• _____– not correct; bad; not legal; opposite right

Y

• _____– a period of time equal to twelve months
• _____– having the color like that of gold or the sun
• _____– used to express agreement or to permit
• _____– the day before today
• _____– at some time before now (“Have they arrived yet?”); now; at this time (“I cannot tell you about it yet.”); however (“The sun was shining, yet it was cold.”)
• _____– the person or persons being spoken to
• _____– in the early years of life; not old

Z

• _____– the number meaning none or nothing
• _____– a place where animals are kept for the public to look at and study

Part 2 Directions: Review the following vocabulary terms and their definitions.

• metal– a hard substance such as iron, steel or gold
• method– the way something is done
• microscope– a device used to make very small things look larger so they can be studied
• middle– the center; a place or time of equal distance from both sides or ends; in the center
• militant– someone active in trying to cause political change, often by the use of force or violence
• military– the armed forces of a nation or group; of or about the armed forces
• milk– the white liquid produced by female animals to feed their young
• mind– the thinking, feeling part of a person
• mine– to dig useful or valuable substances out of the earth; a place in the earth where such substances are found; a bomb placed under the ground or under water so it cannot be seen
• mineral– a substance found in nature that is not an animal or a plant, such as coal or salt
• minister– a member of a cabinet; a high government official (“prime minister,”foreign minister”)
• minor– small in size; of little importance
• minority– the smaller number; opposite majority
• minute– a measure of time; one of the sixty equal parts of an hour; sixty seconds
• miss– to fail to hit, see, reach or meet
• missile– any weapon that can be thrown or fired through the air and explodes when it reaches its target
• missing– lost; not found
• mistake– a wrong action or decision; an action done without the knowledge that it was wrong
• mix– to put different things together to make one thing
• mob– a large group of wild or angry people
• model– an example; something, usually small, made to show how something will look or work
• moderate– not extreme
• modern– of the present or very recent time; the most improved
• money– pieces of metal or paper used to pay for things
• month– one of the twelve periods of time into which a year is divided
• moon– the bright object often seen in the night sky that orbits the earth about every twenty-nine days
• moral– concerning what is right or wrong in someone’s actions
• more– greater in size or amount
• morning– the early part of the day, from sunrise until noon
• most– greatest in size or amount
• mother– the female parent; a woman who has a child or children
• motion– a movement; a continuing change of position or place
• mountain– a part of the earth’s surface that rises high above the area around it
• mourn– to express or feel sadness
• move– to change position; to put or keep in motion; to go
• movement– the act of moving or a way of moving; a series of acts or efforts to reach a goal
• movie– a motion picture; a film
• much– great in amount
• murder– to kill another person illegally; the crime of killing another person
• music– the making of sounds by singing or using a musical instrument
• must– a word used with an action word to mean necessary (“You must go to school.”)
• mystery– something that is not or cannot be explained or understood; a secret

N

• name– to appoint; to nominate; to give a name to; a word by which a person, animal or thing is known or called
• narrow– limited in size or amount; not wide; having a short distance from one side to the other
• nation– a country, together with its social and political systems
• native– someone who was born in a place, not one who moved there
• natural– of or about nature; normal; common to its kind
• nature– all the plants, animals and other things on earth not created by humans; events or processes not caused by humans
• navy– the part of a country’s military force trained to fight at sea
• near– not far; close to
• necessary– needed to get a result or effect; required
• need– to require; to want; to be necessary to have or to do
• negotiate– to talk about a problem or situation to find a common solution
• neither– not one or the other of two
• neutral– not supporting one side or the other in a dispute
• never– at no time; not ever
• new– not existing before; not known before; recently made, built, bought or grown; another; different
• news– information about any recent events, especially as reported by the media
• next– coming immediately after; nearest
• nice– pleasing; good; kind
• night– the time between when the sun goes down and when it rises, when there is little or no light
• no– used to reject or to refuse; not any; not at all
• noise– sound, especially when loud
• nominate– to name someone as a candidate for an election; to propose a person for an office or position
• noon– the middle of the day; twelve o’clock in the daytime
• normal– the usual condition, amount or form; usual; what is expected
• north– the direction to the left of a person facing the rising sun
• not– a word showing that something is denied or untrue (“She is not going.”)
• note– to talk about something already known; a word or words written to help a person remember; a short letter
• nothing– not anything; no thing
• now– at this time; immediately
• nowhere– not in, to or at any place
• nuclear– of or about the energy produced by splitting atoms or bringing them together; of or about weapons that explode by using energy from atoms
• number– a word or sign used to show the order or amount of things

O

• obey– to act as one is ordered to act
• object– to show that one does not like or approve; to protest; something not alive that can be seen or touched
• observe– to watch; to look at carefully; to celebrate or honor something (“They will observe the anniversary of the day she was born.”)
• occupy– to take and hold or to control by force
• ocean– the area of salt water that covers almost seventy-five percent of the earth’s surface; any of the five main divisions of this water
• of– made from; belonging to; about; connected to; included among
• off– away; at a distance; condition when something is no longer operating or continuing; not on; not connected
• offensive– a military campaign of attack; having to do with attacking
• offer– to present or propose; the act of presenting or proposing; that which is presented or proposed
• office– a room or building where business or work is done; a public position to which one is elected or appointed
• officer– a person in the military who commands others; any person who is a member of a police force
• official– a person with power in an organization; a representative of an organization or government; of or about an office; approved by the government or someone in power
• often– many times
• oil– a thick liquid that does not mix with water and that burns easily; a black liquid taken from the ground and used as fuel
• old– not young or new; having lived or existed for many years
• on– above and held up by; touching the upper surface of (“The book is on the table.”); supported by (“He is on his feet.”); about (“The report on the meeting is ready.”); at the time of (“He left on Wednesday.”)
• once– one time only
• only– being the single one or ones; no more than (“We have only two dollars.”)
• open– to start (“They opened talks.”); not closed; not secret
• operate– to do work or a job; to cut into the body for medical reasons
• opinion– a belief based on one’s own ideas and thinking
• oppose– to be against; to fight against
• opposite– different as possible; completely different from; exactly the other way (“North is the opposite direction from south.”)
• oppress– to make others suffer; to control by the use of unjust and cruel force or power
• or– giving another of two choices; giving the last of several choices
• orbit– to travel in space around a planet or other object; the path or way an object travels in space around another object or planet
• order– to give a command; to tell someone what to do; a command; the correct or normal way things are organized; a peaceful situation in which people obey laws
• organize– to put in order; to put together into a system
• other– different; of another kind; the remaining one or ones of two or more “>(“That man is short; the other is tall.”)
• our– of or belonging to us
• oust– to force to leave; to remove by force
• out– away from the inside; opposite of in
• over– above; covering; across, in or on every part of (“all over the world”)
• overthrow– to remove from power; to defeat or end by force
• owe– to pay or have to repay (usually money) in return for something received
• own– to have or possess for oneself

P

• pain– a hurt or suffering somewhere in the body
• paint– to cover with a liquid color; to make a picture with liquid colors; a colored liquid used to cover or protect a surface
• pan– a metal container used for cooking
• paper– a thin, flat material made from plants or cloth often used for writing
• parachute– a device that permits a person or thing to fall slowly from an airplane or helicopter to the ground
• parade– a group of people and vehicles moving together to celebrate a special event or anniversary
• pardon– to forgive for a crime and release from punishment
• parent– a father or mother
• parliament– a government lawmaking group
• part– something less than the whole; not all of something
• party– a group of people working together for a political purpose; a group of people or friends gathered together for enjoyment
• pass– to go by or move around something; to move along; to cause or permit to go
• passenger– a person travelling by airplane, train, boat or car who is not the pilot or driver
• passport– a document permitting a person to travel to another country
• past– the time gone by; the time before; recent; immediately before; former
• path– a narrow way for walking; a way along which something moves
• patient– a person being treated by a doctor for a health problem
• pay– to give money for work done or for something bought
• peace– the condition of freedom from war, fighting or noise; rest; quiet
• people– any group of persons; all the persons of a group, race, religion or nation (“the American people”)
• percent– a part of every hundred (“Ten is ten percent of one hundred.”)
• perfect– complete or correct in every way; completely right or good; without mistakes
• perform– to speak, dance or sing in front of others
• period– an amount of time within events, restrictions or conditions
• permanent– never changing; lasting for a very long time or for all time
• permit– to let; to make possible
• person– a man, woman or child
• physical– of the body
• physics– the study of motion, matter and energy
• picture– something that shows what another thing looks like; an idea or representation of something as seen by the eye; a painting; what is made with a camera
• piece– a part of something larger
• pig– a farm animal used for its meat
• pilot– one who guides or flies an airplane or helicopter
• pipe– a long, round piece of material used to move liquid or gas
• place– to put something somewhere; an area or a part of an area; space where a person or thing is; any room, building, town or country
• plan– to organize or develop an idea or method of acting or doing something “>(“They plan to have a party.”); an organized or developed idea or method (“The plan will not work.”)
• planet– a large object in space that orbits the sun (“Earth is a planet.”)
• plant– to put into the ground to grow; a living growth from the ground which gets its food from air, water and earth
• plastic– a material made from chemicals that can be formed and made into things
• play– to have fun; to not work; to take part in a sport; to make music on an instrument; a story acted in a theater
• please– to make one happy; to give enjoyment
• plenty– all that is needed; a large enough amount
• plot– to make secret plans; a secret plan to do something wrong or illegal
• poem– words and their sounds organized in a special way to express emotions
• point–to aim one’s finger toward; to aim; the sharp end of something
• poison– a substance that can destroy life or damage health
• police– a government agency responsible for guarding the public, keeping order, and making sure people obey the law; members of that agency
• policy– an established set of plans or goals used to develop and make decisions in politics, economics or business
• politics– the activities of government and of those who are in public office
• pollute– to release dangerous or unpleasant substances into the air, soil or water
• poor– people with little or no money; lacking money or goods; of bad quality
• popular–liked by many people; generally approved by the public
• population– all the people in a place, city or country
• port– a city where ships load or unload goods; a place on a coast where ships can be safe from a storm
• position– a place; the way of holding the body; the way a thing is set or placed; a job (or level of a job) in an organization
• possess– to have; to own; to control or be controlled by
• possible– able to be done; can happen or is expected to happen
• postpone– to delay action until a later time
• pour– to flow; to cause to flow
• poverty– the condition of being poor
• power– the ability to control or direct others; control; strength; ruling force; force or energy used to do work (“Water power turns the wheel.”)
• praise– to say good things about; to approve
• pray– to make a request to a god or spirit; to praise a god or spirit
• pregnant–carrying a child within the body before it is born; expecting to give birth to a baby
• present– to offer for consideration (“We will present our idea to the committee.”); a gift (“I gave them a present for their anniversary.”); now (“The present time is a good time.”); to be at a place (“I was present at school yesterday.”)
• president–the chief official of a country that is a republic; the leader of an organization
• press– to urge strongly; newspapers, magazines and other publications
• pressure–the force produced when something is pushed down or against something else
• prevent– to keep or stop from going or happening
• price– the amount of money for which anything is bought, sold or offered for sale
• prison– a place where a person is kept as punishment for a crime
• private– of or about a person or group that is secret; opposite public
• prize– something offered or won in a competition; something of value that one must work hard for to get
• probably– a good chance of taking place; a little more than possible
• problem– a difficult question or situation with an unknown or unclear answer
• process– an operation or series of changes leading to a desired result
• produce– to make; to create; to cause something to be; to manufacture
• profession– a job that requires special training
• professor– a teacher at a college or university
• profit– money gained from a business activity after paying all costs of that activity
• program– a plan of action; the different events or parts of a meeting or show
• progress– movement forward or toward improvement or a goal
• project– a planned effort to do something
• propaganda– ideas or information used to influence opinions
• property– anything owned by someone such as land, buildings or goods
• propose– to present or offer for consideration
• protect– to guard; to defend; to prevent from being harmed or damaged
• protest– to speak against; to object
• prove– to show to be true
• provide– to give something needed or wanted
• public– of or about all the people in a community or country; opposite private
• publication– something that is published such as a book, newspaper or magazine
• publish– to make public something that is written; to include something in a book, newspaper or magazine
• pull– to use force to move something toward the person or thing using the force; opposite push
• pump– to force a gas or liquid up, into or through
• punish– to cause pain, suffering or loss for doing something bad or illegal
• purchase– to buy with money or with something of equal value; n. that which is bought
• pure– free from anything that is different or that reduces value; clean
• purpose– the reason or desired effect for doing something; goal
• push– to use force to move something away from the person or thing using the force; opposite pull
• put– to place; to set in position

Q

• quality– that which something is known to have or be (“An important quality of steel is its strength.”); amount of value or excellence (“Their goods are of the highest quality.”)
• question– to ask; to express wonder or disbelief; a sentence or word used in asking for information; a problem; an issue to be discussed
• quick– fast
• quiet– with little or no noise; having little or no movement; calm

R

• race–to run; to take part in a competition to decide who or what can move fastest; to take part in a campaign for political office; one of the major groups that humans can be divided into because of a common physical similarity, such as skin color
• radar– a device that uses radio signals to learn the position or speed of objects that may be too far away to be seen
• radiation– waves of energy from something that produces heat or light; energy from a nuclear substance, which can be dangerous
• radio– the system of sending and receiving signals or sounds through the air without wires
• raid– to make a sudden attack; a sudden attack carried out as an act of war, or for the purpose of seizing or stealing something
• railroad–road for trains; a company that operates such a road and its stations and equipment
• rain– water falling from the sky
• raise– to lift up; to move to a higher position; to cause to grow; to increase
• rare– not common; not usual; not often
• rate– speed; a measure of how quickly or how often something happens; the price of any thing or service that is bought or sold
• reach– to put a hand toward; to arrive at; to come to
• react– to act as a result of or in answer to
• read– to look at and understand the meaning of written words or numbers
• ready– prepared; completed; organized; willing
• real– true; truly existing; not false
• realistic– in agreement with the way things are
• reason– the cause for a belief or act; purpose; something that explains
• reasonable– ready to listen to reasons or ideas; not extreme; ready or willing to compromise
• rebel– to act against a government or power, often with force; to refuse to obey; n. one who opposes or fights against the government of his or her country
• receive– to get or accept something given, offered or sent
• recent– a short time ago
• recession– a temporary reduction in economic activity, when industries produce less and many workers lose their jobs
• recognize– to know or remember something or someone that was known, known about or seen before; to accept another nation as independent and establish diplomatic ties with its government
• record– to write something in order to have it for future use; to put sound or pictures in a form that can be kept and heard or seen again; a writing that shows proof or facts about something
• recover– to get again something that was lost, stolen or taken away (“The police recovered the stolen money.”); to return to normal health or normal conditions She is expected to recover from the operation.”)
• red– having the color like that of blood
• reduce– to make less or smaller in number, size or amount; to cut
• reform– to make better by changing; to improve; a change to a better condition
• refugee– a person who has been forced to flee because of unjust treatment, danger or war
• refuse– to reject; to not accept, give or do something
• regret– a feeling of sadness or sorrow about something that is done or that happens
• reject– to refuse to accept, use or believe
• relations– understandings or ties between nations; members of the same family; people connected by marriage or family ties
• release– to free; to permit to go; to permit to be known or made public
• religion– a belief in, or the honoring of, a god or gods
• remain– to stay in a place after others leave; to stay the same
• remains– a dead body
• remember– to think about the past; opposite forget
• remove– to take away or take off; to put an end to; to take out of a position or office
• repair– work done to fix something
• repeat– to say or do again
• report– to tell about; to give the results of a study or investigation; the story about an event; the results of a study or investigation; a statement in which the facts may not be confirmed
• represent– to act in the place of someone else; to substitute for; to serve as an example
• repress– to control or to restrict freedoms by force
• request– to ask for; n. the act of asking for
• require– to need or demand as necessary
• rescue– to free from danger or evil
• research– a careful study to discover correct information
• resign– to leave a position, job or office
• resist– to oppose; to fight to prevent
• resolution– an official statement of agreement by a group of people, usually reached by voting
• resource– anything of value that can be used or sold
• responsible– having a duty or job to do (“He is responsible for preparing the report.”); being the cause of (“They were responsible for the accident.”)
• rest– to sit, lie down or sleep to regain strength; that which remains; the others
• restrain– to keep controlled; to limit action by a person or group
• restrict– to limit; to prevent from increasing or becoming larger
• result– to happen from a cause; that which follows or is produced by a cause; effect
• retire– to leave a job or position because one is old or in poor health
• return– to go or come back; to bring, give, take or send back
• revolt– to protest violently; to fight for a change, especially of government
• rice– a food grain
• rich– having much money or goods; having plenty of something
• ride– to sit on or in and be carried along; to travel by animal, wheeled vehicle, airplane or boat
• right– what a person legally and morally should be able to do or have (“It is their right to vote.”); agreeing with the facts; good; correct; opposite wrong; on the side that is toward the east when one is facing north; opposite left
• riot– to act with many others in a violent way in a public place; n. a violent action by a large group of people
• rise–  to go up; to go higher; to increase; to go from a position of sitting or lying to a position of standing
• risk– the chance of loss, damage or injury
• river– a large amount of water that flows across land into another river, a lake or an ocean
• road– a long piece of hard ground built between two places so people can walk, drive or ride easily from one place to the other
• rob– to take money or property secretly or by force; to steal
• rock– a hard piece of mineral matter
• rocket– a device shaped like a tube that moves through air or space by burning gases and letting them escape from the back or bottom, sometimes used as a weapon
• roll– to turn over and over; to move like a ball
• room– a separate area within a building with its own walls
• root– the part of a plant that is under the ground and takes nutrients from the soil
• rope– a long, thick piece of material made from thinner pieces of material, used for tying
• rough– not flat or smooth; having an uneven surface; violent; not made well
• round– having the shape of a ball or circle
• rub– to move something over the surface of another thing
• rubber– a substance made from the liquid of trees with the same name, or a similar substance made from chemicals
• ruin– to damage severely; to destroy
• rule– to govern or control; to decide; a statement or an order that says how something must be done
• run–to move quickly by steps faster than those used for walking

S

• sabotage– to damage or destroy as an act against an organization or nation (“The rebels sabotaged the railroad.”)
• sacrifice– to do without something or to suffer a loss for a belief, idea, goal or another person
• sad– not happy
• safe– away from harm or danger
• sail– to travel by boat or ship
• sailor– a person involved in sailing a boat or ship
• salt– a white substance found in sea water and in the ground, used to affect the taste of food
• same– not different; not changed; like another or others
• sand– extremely small pieces of crushed rock found in large amounts in deserts and on coasts
• satellite– a small object in space that moves around a larger object; an object placed in orbit around the earth
• satisfy– to give or provide what is desired, needed or demanded
• save– to make safe; to remove from harm; to keep for future use
• say– to speak; to express in words
• school– a place for education; a place where people go to learn
• science– the study of nature and the actions of natural things, and the knowledge gained about them
• sea– a large area of salt water, usually part of an ocean
• search– to look for carefully
• season– one of the four periods of the year that is based on the earth’s position toward the sun (spring, summer, autumn, winter); a period of time based on different weather conditions (“dry season”, “rainy season”); a period during the year when something usually happens (“baseball season”)
• seat– a thing to sit on; a place to sit or the right to sit there (“a seat in parliament”)
• second– the one that comes after the first
• secret– something known only to a few and kept from general knowledge; hidden from others; known only to a few
• security– freedom from danger or harm; protection; measures necessary to protect a person or place (“Security was increased in the city.”)
• see– to know or sense through the eyes; to understand or know
• seed– the part of a plant from which new plants grow
• seek(ing) – to search for (“They are seeking a cure for cancer.”); to try to get (“She is seeking election to public office.”); to plan to do (“Electric power companies are seeking to reduce their use of coal.”)
• seem– to appear to be (“She seems to be in good health.”)
• seize– to take quickly by force; to take control of quickly; to arrest
• self– all that which makes one person different from others
• sell– to give something in exchange for money
• Senate– the smaller of the two groups in the governments of some countries, such as in the United States Congress
• send– to cause to go; to permit to go; to cause to be carried, taken or directed to or away from a place
• sense– to come to know about by feeling, believing or understanding; any of the abilities to see, hear, taste, smell or feel
• sentence– to declare the punishment for a crime; the punishment for a crime
• separate– to set or keep people, things or ideas away from or independent from others; not together or connected; different
• series– a number of similar things or events that follow one after another in time, position or order
• serious– important; needing careful consideration; dangerous
• serve– to work as an official; to be employed by the government; to assist or help
• service– an organization or system that provides something for the public (“Schools and roads are services paid for by taxes.”); a job that an organization or business can do for money; military organizations such as an army, navy or air force; a religious ceremony
• set– to put in place or position; to establish a time, price or limit
• settle– to end (a dispute); to agree about (a problem); to make a home in a new place
• several– three or more, but not many
• severe– not gentle; causing much pain, sadness or damage
• sex– either the male or female group into which all people and animals are divided because of their actions in producing young; the physical activity by which humans and animals can produce young
• shake– to move or cause to move in short, quick movements
• shape– to give form to; the form of something, especially how it looks
• share– to give part of something to another or others; a part belonging to, given to or owned by a single person or a group; any one of the equal parts of ownership of a business or company
• sharp– having a thin edge or small point that can cut or hurt; causing hurt or pain
• she– the girl or woman who is being spoken about
• sheep– a farm animal used for its meat and hair
• shell– to fire artillery; a metal container that is fired from a large gun and explodes when it reaches its target; a hard outside cover
• shelter– to protect or give protection to; something that gives protection; a place of safety
• shine– to aim a light; to give bright light; to be bright; to clean to make bright
• ship– to transport; a large boat
• shock– to cause to feel sudden surprise or fear; something that greatly affects the mind or emotions; a powerful shake, as from an earthquake
• shoe– a covering for the foot
• shoot– to cause a gun or other weapon to send out an object designed to kill; to use a gun
• short– lasting only for a small period of time; not long; opposite tall
• should– used with another verb (action word) to show responsibility (“We should study.”), probability (“The talks should begin soon.”), or that something is believed to be a good idea (“Criminals should be punished.”)
• shout– to speak very loudly
• show– to make something be seen; to make known; a play or story presented in a theater, or broadcast on radio or television, for enjoyment or education; something organized to be seen by the public
• shrink– to make or become less in size, weight or value
• sick– suffering physically or mentally with a disease or other problem; not in good health
• sickness– the condition of being in bad health
• side– the outer surfaces of an object that are not the top or bottom; parts away from the middle; either the right or left half of the body
• sign– to write one’s name; a mark or shape used to mean something; evidence that something exists or will happen; a flat piece of material with writing that gives information
• signal– to send a message by signs; an action or movement that sends a message
• silence– to make quiet; to stop from speaking or making noise; a lack of noise or sound
• silver– a valued white metal
• similar– like something else but not exactly the same
• simple–easy to understand or do; not difficult or complex
• since– from a time in the past until now (“I have known her since we went to school together.”)
• sing– to make music sounds with the voice
• single– one only
• sink– to go down into water or other liquid
• sister– a female with the same father or mother as another person
• sit– to rest on the lower part of the body without the support of the legs; to become seated
• situation– the way things are during a period of time
• size– the space occupied by something; how long, wide or high something is
• skeleton– all the bones of a human or other animal together in their normal positions
• skill– the ability gained from training or experience
• skin– the outer covering of humans and most animals
• sky– the space above the earth
• slave– a person owned or controlled by another
• sleep– to rest the body and mind with the eyes closed
• slide– to move smoothly over a surface
• slow– to reduce the speed of; not fast in moving, talking or other activities
• small– little in size or amount; few in number; not important; opposite large
• smash– to break or be broken into small pieces by force; to hit or move with force
• smell– to sense through the nose; something sensed by the nose (“the smell of food cooking”)
• smoke– to use cigarettes or other tobacco products by burning them and breathing in the smoke; that which can be seen rising into the air like a cloud from something burning
• smooth– having a level surface; opposite rough
• snow– soft, white pieces of frozen water that fall from the sky, usually in winter or when the air temperature is very cold
• so– in such a way that (“He held the flag so all could see it.”); also; too (“She left early, and so did we.”); very (“I am so sick.”); as a result (“They were sick, so they could not come.”); in order that; for the purpose of (“Come early so we can discuss the plans.”)
• social– of or about people or a group
• soft– not hard; easily shaped; pleasing to touch; not loud
• soil– earth in which plants grow
• soldier– a person in the army
• solid– having a hard shape with no empty spaces inside; strong; not in the form of a liquid or gas
• solve– to find an answer; to settle
• some– of an amount or number or part not stated; not all
• son– a person’s male child
• soon– not long after the present time; quickly
• sort– any group of people or things that are the same or are similar in some way; a kind of something
• sound– fast-moving waves of energy that affect the ear and result in hearing; that which is heard
• south– the direction to the right of a person facing the rising sun
• space– the area outside the earth’s atmosphere where the sun, moon, planets and stars are; the area between or inside things
• speak– to talk; to say words with the mouth; to express one’s thoughts to others and exchange ideas; to give a speech to a group
• special– of a different or unusual kind; not for general use; better or more important than others of the same kind
• speech– a talk given to a group of people
• speed– to make something go or move faster; the rate at which something moves or travels; the rate at which something happens or is done
• spend– to give as payment; to use (“He spends much time studying.”)
• spill– to cause or permit liquid to flow out, usually by accident
• spirit– the part of a human that is not physical and is connected to thoughts and emotions; the part of a person that is believed to remain alive after death
• split– to separate into two or more parts; to divide or break into parts
• sport– any game or activity of competition involving physical effort or skill
• spread– to become longer or wider; to make or become widely known
• spring– the time of the year between winter and summer
• spy– to steal or get information secretly; one who watches others secretly; a person employed by a government to get secret information about another country
• square– a flat shape having four equal sides
• stab– to cut or push into or through with a pointed weapon
• stand– to move into or be in a position in which only the feet are on a surface; to be in one position or place
• star– a mass of gas that usually appears as a small light in the sky at night, but is not a planet; a famous person, usually an actor or singer
• start– to begin; to make something begin
• starve– to suffer or die from a lack of food
• state– to say; to declare; a political part of a nation
• station– a place of special work or purpose (“a police station”); a place where passengers get on or off trains or buses; a place for radio or television broadcasts
• statue– a form of a human, animal or other creature usually made of stone, wood or metal
• stay– to continue to be where one is; to remain; to not leave; to live for a time (“They stayed in New York for two years.”)
• steal– to take without permission or paying
• steam– the gas that comes from hot water
• steel– iron made harder and stronger by mixing it with other substances
• step– to move by lifting one foot and placing it in a new position; the act of stepping; one of a series of actions designed to reach a goal
• stick– to attach something to another thing using a substance that will hold them together; to become fixed in one position so that movement is difficult (“Something is making the door stick.”); a thin piece of wood
• still– not moving (“The man was standing still.”); until the present or a stated time (“Was he still there?”); even so; although (“The job was difficult, but she still wanted to do it.”)
• stone– a small piece of rock
• stop– to prevent any more movement or action; to come or bring to an end
• store– to keep or put away for future use; n. a place where people buy things
• storm– violent weather, including strong winds and rain or snow
• story– the telling or writing of an event, either real or imagined
• stove– a heating device used for cooking
• straight– continuing in one direction without turns
• strange– unusual; not normal; not known
• street– a road in a city, town or village
• stretch– to extend for a distance; to pull on to make longer or wider
• strike– to hit with force; to stop work as a way to seek better conditions, more pay or to make other demands
• strong– having much power; not easily broken, damaged or destroyed
• structure– the way something is built, made or organized; a system that is formed or organized in a special way; a building
• struggle–to try with much effort; to fight with; a great effort; a fight
• study– to make an effort to gain knowledge by using the mind; to examine carefully
• stupid– not able to learn much; not intelligent
• subject– the person or thing being discussed, studied or written about
• submarine– an underwater ship
• substance– the material of which something is made (a solid, liquid or gas)
• substitute– to put or use in place of another; a person or thing put or used in place of another
• subversion– an attempt to weaken or destroy a political system or government, usually secretly
• succeed– to reach a goal or thing desired; to produce a planned result
• such– of this or that kind; of the same kind as; similar to
• sudden– not expected; without warning; done or carried out quickly or without preparation
• suffer– to feel pain in the body or mind; to receive or experience hurt or sadness
• sugar– a sweet substance made from liquids taken from plants
• suggest– to offer or propose something to think about or consider
• summer– the warmest time of the year, between spring and autumn
• sun– the huge star in the sky that provides heat and light to earth
• supervise– to direct and observe the work of others
• supply– to give; to provide; n. the amount of something that can be given or sold to others
• support– to carry the weight of; to hold up or in position; to agree with others and help them reach a goal; to approve
• suppose– to believe, think or imagine (“I suppose you are right.”); to expect (“It is supposed to rain tonight.”)
• suppress– to put down or to keep down by force; to prevent information from being known publicly
• sure– very probable; with good reason to believe; true without question
• surface– the outer side or top of something (“The rocket landed on the surface of the moon.”)
• surplus– an amount that is more than is needed; extra; (“That country has a trade surplus. It exports more than it imports.”)
• surprise– to cause a feeling of wonder because something is not expected; something not expected; the feeling caused by something not expected
• surrender– to give control of oneself or one’s property to another or others; to stop fighting and admit defeat
• surround– to form a circle around; to be in positions all around someone or something
• survive– to remain alive during or after a dangerous situation
• suspect– to imagine or believe that a person is guilty of something bad or illegal; a person believed to be guilty
• suspend– to cause to stop for a period of time
• swallow– to take into the stomach through the mouth
• swear in– to put an official into office by having him or her promise to carry out the duties of that office (“The chief justice will swear in the president.”)
• sweet– tasting pleasant, like sugar
• swim– to move through water by making motions with the arms and legs
• sympathy– a sharing of feelings or emotions with another person, usually feelings of sadness
• system– a method of organizing or doing something by following rules or a plan; a group of connected things or parts working together for a common purpose or goal

T

• take– to put a hand or hands around something and hold it, often to move it to another place; to carry something ; to seize; to capture; to begin to be in control (“The president takes office tomorrow.”)
• talk– to express thoughts in spoken words; n. a meeting for discussion
• tall– higher than others; opposite short
• tank– a large container for holding liquids; a heavy military vehicle with guns
• target– any person or object aimed at or fired at
• taste– to sense through the mouth (“The fruit tastes sweet.”)
• tax– the money a person or business must pay to the government so the government can provide services
• tea– a drink made from the plant of the same name
• teach– to show how to do something; to provide knowledge; to cause to understand
• team– a group organized for some purpose, often for sports
• tear– to pull apart, often by force
• tears– the fluid that comes out of the eyes while crying
• technical– involving machines, processes and materials in industry, transportation and communications; of or about a very special kind of subject or thing (“You need technical knowledge to understand how this system works.”)
• technology– the use of scientific knowledge and methods to produce goods and services
• telephone– a device or system for sending sounds, especially the voice, over distances
• telescope– a device for making objects that are far away appear closer and larger
• television– a device that receives electronic signals and makes them into pictures and sounds; the system of sending pictures and sounds by electronic signals over a distance so others can see and hear them on a receiver
• tell– to give information; to make known by speaking; to order; to command
• temperature– the measurement of heat and cold
• temporary– lasting only a short time
• tense– having fear or concern; dangerous; opposite calm
• term– a limited period of time during which someone does a job or carries out a responsibility (“He served two terms in Congress.”); the conditions of an agreement that have been accepted by those involved in it
• terrible– very bad; causing terror or fear
• territory– a large area of land
• terror– extreme fear; that which causes great fear
• terrorist– a person who carries out acts of extreme violence as a protest or a way to influence a government
• test– to attempt to learn or prove what something is like or how it will act by studying or doing (“The scientists will test the new engine soon.”); an attempt to learn or prove what something is like or how it will act by studying or doing (“The test of the new engine takes place today.”); a group of questions or problems used to find out a person’s knowledge (“The students did well on the language test.”)
• than– connecting word used to link things that may be similar, but are not equal (“My sister is taller than I am.”)
• thank– to say that one has a good feeling toward another because that person did something kind (“I want to thank you for helping me.”)
• that– showing the person, place or thing being spoken about (“That man is a soldier.”); pro. the person, place or thing being spoken about (“The building that I saw was very large.”)
• the– used in front of a name word to show that it is a person or thing that is known about or is being spoken about
• theater– a place where movies are shown or plays are performed
• them– other people being spoken about
• then– at that time; existing; and so
• theory– a possible explanation of why something exists or how something happens using experiments or ideas, but which is not yet proven (“Other scientists are debating his theory about the disappearance of dinosaurs.”)
• there– in that place or position; to or toward that place
• these– of or about the people, places or things nearby that have been spoken about already
• they– those ones being spoken about
• thick– having a large distance between two opposite surfaces (“The wall is two meters thick.”); having many parts close together (“The forest is very thick.”); almost solid, such as a liquid that does not flow easily; opposite thin
• thin– having a small distance between two opposite surfaces; not fat; not wide; opposite thick
• thing– any object
• think– to produce thoughts; to form ideas in the mind; to consider; to believe
• third– coming after two others
• this– of or about the person, place or thing nearby that has been spoken about already
• threaten– to warn that one will do harm or cause damage
• through– in at one end and out at the other; from front to back; from top to bottom; with the help of; by
• throw– to cause to go through the air by a movement of the arm
• tie– to join or hold together with some material; anything that joins or unites; links or connections (“The two nations have strong trade ties.”)
• time– that which is measured in minutes, hours, days and years; a period that can be identified in hours and minutes and is shown on a clock; a period when an event should or will take place
• tired– having less strength because of work or exercise; needing sleep or rest
• to– showing the direction of an action; showing the person or place toward which an action is directed; showing a goal or purpose
• today– this day
• together– in one group; at the same time or place; in cooperation
• tomorrow– the day after today
• tonight– this night
• too– also; as well as; more than is necessary
• tool– any instrument or device designed to help one do work
• top– the upper edge or surface; the highest part; the cover of something
• torture– to cause severe pain; the act of causing severe pain in order to harm, to punish or to get information from
• total– the complete amount
• touch– to put the hand or fingers on
• toward– in the direction of; leading to
• town– a center where people live, larger than a village but not as large as a city
• trade– to buy and sell or exchange products or services; the activity of buying, selling or exchanging products or services
• tradition– a ceremony, activity or belief that has existed for a long time
• traffic– the movement of people, vehicles or ships along a street, road or waterway
• tragic– extremely sad; terrible
• train– to teach or learn how to do something; to prepare for an activity; n. an engine and the cars connected to it that move along a railroad
• transport– to move goods or people from one place to another
• transportation– the act or business of moving goods or people
• trap– to catch or be caught by being tricked; to be unable to move or escape; a device used to catch animals
• travel– to go from one place to another, usually for a long distance
• treason– the act of fighting against one’s own country or of helping its enemies
• treasure– a large collection of money, jewels or other things of great value
• treat– to deal with; to act toward in a special way; to try to cure
• treatment– the act of treating; the use of medicine to try to cure or make better
• treaty– a written agreement between two or more nations
• tree– a very tall plant that is mostly wood, except for its leaves
• trial– an examination in a court of a question or dispute to decide if a charge is true
• tribe– a group of families ruled by a common chief or leader
• trick– to cheat; to fool a person so as to get something or make him or her do something
• trip– a movement from one place to another, usually a long distance
• troops– a number of soldiers in a large controlled group
• trouble– that which causes concern, fear, difficulty or problems
• truce– a temporary halt in fighting agreed to by all sides involved
• truck– a heavy vehicle used to carry goods
• true– correct; not false
• trust– to believe that someone is honest and will not cause harm
• try– to make an effort; to take court action against a person to decide if he or she is guilty or innocent of a crime
• tube– a long, round structure through which liquids or gases can flow; a long, thin container in which they can be kept
• turn– to change direction; to move into a different position; to change color, form or shape

U

• under– below; below the surface of; less than; as called for by a law, agreement or system (“The river flows under the bridge.” “Such action is not permitted under the law.”)
• understand– to know what is meant; to have knowledge of
• unite– to join together
• universe– all of space, including planets and stars
• university– a place of education that usually includes several colleges and research organizations
• unless– except if it happens; on condition that (“I will not go, unless the rain stops.”)
• until– up to a time; before
• up– to, in or at a higher position or value
• urge– to advise strongly; to make a great effort to get someone to do something
• urgent– needing an immediate decision or action
• us– the form of the word “we” used after a preposition (“He said he would write to us.”) or used as an object of a verb (“They saw us yesterday.”)
• use– to employ for a purpose; to put into action
• usual– as is normal or common; as is most often done, seen or heard

V

• valley– a long area of land between higher areas of land
• value– the quality of being useful, important or desired; the amount of money that could be received if something is sold
• vegetable– a plant grown for food
• vehicle– anything on or in which a person or thing can travel or be transported, especially anything on wheels; a car or truck
• version– the form of something with different details than earlier or later forms
• very– extremely (“He was very late.”)
• veto– to reject or refuse to approve
• vicious– bad; dangerous; showing harm or hate
• victim– someone or something that is injured, killed or made to suffer; someone who is tricked
• victory– a success in a fight or competition
• village– a very small town
• violate– to fail to obey or honor; to break (an agreement)
• violence– the use of force to cause injury, death or damage
• visit– to go to or come to a place for a short time for friendly or business reasons
• voice–the sound made by creatures, especially humans, for speaking
• volcano– a hill or mountain around a hole in the earth’s surface that can explode, sending hot, melted rock and ash into the air
• vote– to choose a candidate in an election; a choice or decision expressed by the voice, by hand or by writing

W

• wages– money received for work done
• wait– to delay acting; to postpone
• walk– to move by putting one foot in front of the other
• wall– the side of a room or building formed by wood, stone or other material; a structure sometimes used to separate areas of land
• want– to desire; to wish for; to need
• war– fighting between nations, or groups in a nation, using weapons
• warm– almost hot; having or feeling some heat
• warn– to tell of possible danger; to advise or inform about something bad that may happen
• wash– to make clean, usually with water
• waste– to spend or use without need or care; to make bad use of; a spending of money, time or effort with no value gained or returned; something thrown away as having no value; the liquid and solid substances that result from body processes and are passed out of the body
• watch– to look at; to observe closely; to look and wait for
• water– the liquid that falls from the sky as rain or is found in lakes, rivers and oceans
• wave– to move or cause to move one way and the other, as a flag in the wind; to signal by moving the hand one way and the other;  a large mass of water that forms and moves on the surface of a lake or ocean
• way– a path on land or sea or in the air; how something is done; method
• we– two or more people, including the speaker or writer (“He and I will go together, and we will return together.”)
• weak– having little power; easily broken, damaged or destroyed; opposite strong
• wealth– a large amount of possessions, money or other things of value
• weapon– anything used to cause injury or to kill during an attack, fight or war
• wear– to have on the body, as clothes
• weather– the condition of the atmosphere resulting from sun, wind, rain, heat or cold
• week– a period of time equal to seven days
• weigh– to measure how heavy someone or something is
• welcome– to express happiness or pleasure when someone arrives or something develops
• well– in a way that is good or pleasing; in good health; a hole in the ground where water, gas or oil can be found
• west–the direction in which the sun goes down
• wet– covered with water or other liquid; not dry
• what– used to ask about something or to ask for information about something (“What is this?”); which or which kind (“He wants to know what you would like to drink.”)
• wheat– a grain used to make bread; the plant that produces the grain
• wheel– a round structure that turns around a center
• when– at what time; at any time (“When will she come home?”); during or at the time (“I studied hard when I was in school.”)
• where– at, to or in what place (“Where is his house?” “The house where he lives is in the old part of the city.”)
• which– used to ask about what one or what ones of a group of things or people (“Which program do you like best?” “Which students will take the test?”)
• while– a space of time (“Please come to my house for a while.”); at or during the same time (“It may not be a good idea to eat while you are running.”)
• white– having the color like that of milk or snow
• who– what or which person or persons that (“Who wants to go?”); the person or persons (“They are the ones who want to go.”)
• whole– the complete amount; all together; not divided; not cut into pieces
• why– for what cause or reason (“Why did she do it?”); the reason for which (“I do not know why she did it.”)
• wide–having a great distance from one side to the other; not limited
• wife– a woman who is married
• wild– living and growing in natural conditions and not organized or supervised by humans; angry; uncontrolled
• will– a word used with action words to show future action (“They will hold talks tomorrow.”)
• willing– being ready or having a desire to (“They are willing to talk about the problem.”)
• win– to gain a victory; to defeat another or others in a competition, election or battle
• wind– a strong movement of air
• window– an opening in a wall to let in light and air, usually filled with glass
• winter– the coldest time of year, between autumn and spring
• wire– a long, thin piece of metal used to hang objects or to carry electricity or electronic communications from one place to another
• wise– having much knowledge and understanding; able to use knowledge and understanding to make good or correct decisions
• wish– to want; to express a desire for
• with– along or by the side of; together; using (“He fixed it with a tool.”); having (“the house with the red door”)
• withdraw– to take or move out, away or back; to remove
• without– with no; not having or using; free from; not doing
• woman– an adult female human
• wonder– to ask oneself; to question (“She wonders if it is true.”); a feeling of surprise
• wonderful– causing wonder; especially good
• wood– the solid material of which trees are made
• word– one or more connected sounds that form a single part of a language
• work– to use physical or mental effort to make or do something; the effort used to make or to do something; that which needs effort; the job one does to earn money
• world– the earth; the people who live on the earth
• worry–to be concerned; to continue thinking that something, possibly bad, can happen
• worse– more bad than
• worth– value measured in money
• wound– to injure; to hurt; to cause physical damage to a person or animal; an injury to the body of a human or animal in which the skin is usually cut or broken
• wreck– to damage greatly; to destroy; anything that has been badly damaged or broken
• wreckage– what remains of something severely damaged or destroyed
• write–to use an instrument to make words appear on a surface, such as paper
• wrong– not correct; bad; not legal; opposite right

Y

• year– a period of time equal to twelve months
• yellow– having the color like that of gold or the sun
• yes– used to express agreement or to permit
• yesterday– the day before today
• yet– at some time before now (“Have they arrived yet?”); now; at this time (“I cannot tell you about it yet.”); however (“The sun was shining, yet it was cold.”)
• you– the person or persons being spoken to
• young– in the early years of life; not old

Z

• zero– the number meaning none or nothing
• zoo– a place where animals are kept for the public to look at and study

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